Week 7 Thoughts by Chan Hui Lim

           I feel like everything is moving in a positive direction because I am feeling happy when I do my works. I have recently fallen in love with enjoying delicious food. I think food can help me relax, reduce my stress, and make me feel happy. After all, delicious food always brings surprises to people. When I went to the night market, I saw a stall filled with crowds. Out of curiosity, I walked over to see what kind of food this stall was selling. It is selling shawarma. Shawarma looks delicious, with chicken and beef styles for people to choose from, and a premium version with added cheese. I was influenced by the aroma of the food and the flow of people queuing up, so I also joined the queue to purchase this shawarma. I waited in line for about 2 minutes before it was my turn. I ordered a chicken filling, but I didn't choose to add cheese because I don't really like the taste of cheese. 

        Shawarma is made with a bag, which contains a little shredded green vegetable, shredded radish, sliced cucumber, and mayonese. The freshly made shawarma is still hot, and it feels particularly warm when held in your hand. After returning home, I couldn't wait to open it and try to eat it. The taste is simply amazing to me, it's just too delicious. Every bite is full of mayonese, making one unable to resist love. I think I like to eat shawarma started that day. 

Week 6 Thoughts by Chan Hui Lim

        There are two midterms this week, so I'm a bit nervous. I stayed quietly in the hostel to do my revision. I am very afraid that I won't do well in the exam because I have exams for two consecutive days, so my mood is very worried. I tried to control my mood and not be so nervous. On the day of the exam, I prayed that the questions on the exam paper would not be so difficult, because I was afraid that I wouldn't be able to do them well. Fortunately, I was able to answer all the questions given by the teacher and found the exam paper relatively simple. After two days of exams, my mood was released and I was no longer so nervous. After school, I went out for dinner with my friends. We tried delicious Western food together. Especially the french fries with so much cheese that they almost overflow are really delicious! 

        However, we waited for an hour for this delicious food because there were too many people ordering at that time, so the serving speed was a bit slow. But to be able to enjoy such delicious food, no matter how much you wait, it's worth it. It is a bit busy these past two weeks because I have to rush through assignments and prepare for exams. But once everything is done, I feel a sense of accomplishment.

Week 5 Thoughts by Chan Hui Lim

        I am starting to feel a bit annoyed and unhappy this week because I feel like there are a lot of assignments to do. There is a psychology midterm this Monday, so I'm a bit nervous because I need to search for study materials myself which is using textbook. This is because the notes from lecture slide are not complete. Moreover, my recent lack of friendly social relationships has become a source of frustration for me. I don't know how to adapt to the sudden sense of loneliness. I feel so lost, helpless, and lonely.  

       However, my family and friends all encourage me to look forward, because friends are not the most important thing, it's important to be happy on my own. No matter what happens in the world, my family will always be behind me to support and encourage me, giving me the courage to continue striving forward. I feel very touched because there are still many people comforting and encouraging me. 

       So, I began to hypnotize myself to stop worrying about these things, to stop feeling sad for unnecessary people, and to live my life well. I am starting to become happy, and life is no longer surrounded by worries.

Tutorial 5 (Week 6) by Chan Hui Lim

Write a poem about a relationship between surface and depth 

 

The first glance at it,

I see it floating,

but it is only the surface.

 

There are some plastic bags

floating on top,

thus a lot of food residues.

 

The inexplicable appearance,

destroyed the nature beauty,

it looks a bit unhygienic.

 

Most of these are human made,

some people look great at the surface,

but committed acts that harm nature.

 

In the depths,

there is another beauty world,

 which is truly wonderful.

 

Squid, lobster, giant whales,

jellyfish, seahorses, sharks,

crabs, eels and dolphins.

 

They hide in the coral,

dark and mysterious,

bring a beautiful creature under there.

 

 

 

 

 

                                                                                                                                    

 

 

 

 

  

Lecture Week 6: Writing Fiction (Short story) by Chan Hui Lim

 Task 1

Set off one voice against another - great potential for contrast, irony, and conflict enters the writing.

Dialogue, conversation and confrontation.

Jill: A 20 years old student of University Tunku Abdul Rahman. He likes to help the person who has difficulties. He planned everything in his life and he will get angry if the plan is different with the actual changes. He is careful with his words because he is afraid that what he says could hurt others.

Lina: A 19 years old student of University Tunku Abdul Rahman. She is easy to feel sad and cry when she cannot handle the jobs or her life as  well as she can. She has a good attitude because she will not easily get angry to others. She will set a daily routine and task for everyday to improve self-Improve one's self-discipline ability.

Scene: While Jill is sipping his coffee, Lina suddenly crying in the class and everybody look at Lina. Jill walked up to see what had happened and he comforted Lina.

Jill: (Sipping a cup of cappuccino coffee when he is doing his assignment in the class. Suddenly, he heard a loud cry from the front of the class.) What happened there? Why got somebody is crying there? 

(Jill walks toward Lina) 

Jill: Lina, what happened to you? Why suddenly you are crying too loud in the class? Is there any problem that I can help you to solve? 

Lina: Thank you for your concern. I feel a bit stressed lately, and the relationship between my friends and me feels a bit strained.

Jill: Oh, I see. What are you feeling stressed, is it about the assignment? Why don't you get along well with your friends? 

Lina: Yes, I think this assignment is a bit difficult to do, and there is very little information available, which makes me unsure of what to do. No, I do not know what is going to happen in my friendship. There are some friends who are too close until I cannot join in.

Jill: Okay I understand. Have you try to search in the google website? For the friendship, maybe you can directly chat with other friends and share your thoughts with us, so that you won't feel too lonely and stressed.

Lina: I have tried to find a lot of information, but I couldn't find one with quality. Wow thank you so much my friend! I can't imagine there is somebody being so kind to me. It's really touching. 

Jill: Okay, I think we can try to search more information in the library or meet with our lecturer. So that, you can get some information or helps. It is only a small problem. You can just talk your thoughts to us if you want.

Lina: Thank you for your advises. I feel better now. 

Jill: Let’s go to the cafe now. We can try out the new menu in the cafe which is Carbonara cheese spaghetti. I heard that is so delicious and signature for that cafe.

Lina: Okay let’s go! 

Task 2

Write a short character sketch of someone in your family. Write a monologue in which that person tells you an anecdote from his or her childhood.

Character sketch (Aunt Lina):

I have an aunt who is very kind and caring to me which called Aunt Lina. Aunt Lina is in her late 80s, but she never seems like her age. Even in her 80s, she can also clean the backyard, take care of children, do housework, and so on. Her physical strength is not inferior to those of us young people at all. She really enjoys walking around the courtyard to exercise her body. She never feels tired, and her body seems to be filled with infinite strength. She is a very charitable and open person because she will always cracking jokes and pulling pranks on anyone who’s easy to trick. Actually, Aunt Lina is a hidden master. She loves making delicious food, especially cakes and bread. When she was young, she used to be a dessert chef, making countless delicious and beautiful cakes.

Monologue: Aunt Lina's Childhood

“Hey, did you want to hear me to share a story with you?  Okay, okay......I am going to tell you about this and I am sure that you will love it.

This happened when I was around your age. So, what, 20, 30 or so? I just graduated from university. While I was looking for a job, I also started learning how to make pastries in my space time. I enjoy tasting the delicious food, but I will more prefer in making the delicious food.

So, I will start looking for some recipes and making the delicious food. My parents or family and friends often become the people who try out my new delicious food. At the beginning of the production, I didn't pay much attention and thought that mixing all the ingredients together would be enough. But I was wrong. The food made in this way is not only not delicious, but it may also cause failure.

After experiencing failure, I learned that every dish has specific ingredients and portions, so I began to learn how to make a delicious and success food. My mother found that I have a special talent for making pastries, so she recommended me to become a pastry chef. At first, I didn't agree and thought making pastries wasn't my strong suit, but people around me thought the food I made was very delicious and could continue to develop in this area.

I am gradually being convinced that as long as I work hard, I will definitely succeed. In the next three months, I successfully made many delicious cakes and breads, which were deeply loved by everyone. The blueberry cake and chocolate bread that I made are even sold out every day because everyone said it is really delicious! 

So, yes. I believe that everything cannot be said impossible until we have tried it, because you never know how high your own abilities can reach. Just keep going, maybe, just maybe, you will success in the future!”

Tutorial week 6 -By Saranya ( write a poem about a relationship between surface and depth)

 The surface by - Sara

(Momma)

On the surface I saw sun in her eye,

then i saw happiness,

with the mixture of pain.

Gradually notice her pure smile,

deeply tells me how much she had gone through,

to make me smile.

On her hand I saw a swan tattoo,

but when i deeply think,

its not just a picture, it is her.

Warm and soft pastry,

baked to perfection by her,

felt her love by heart.

Outside she might looked soft,

even a wood could break,

but not her.

Outside I met thousands of people,

but deeply,

no one can replace her.

week 6 lecture ( write an monologue) - by Saranya

(Character sketch = Grandma Malini)

Grandma Malini got long white and grey hair, she got kyphosis she barely stand straight but she never failed to cook scrumptious breakfast, lunch, dinner whenever her grandkids come to visit. She is a very hardworking lady who would even do her own vegetable gardening. Her favorite thing to do to past her time is to tell stories.

Monologue-Grandma Malini's childhood memory

(she leans back on her rattan chair and monologue started)

" You know when  was in your age, around twelve or thirteen years old, on one fine day i brought my sister Shini, we both sneak out from our house, and we both ride our bycicle to the top of the mountain to slide down from the mountain. While sliding down we both accidentally fell into mud, and went home with body full of dirty mud. When we reached home Ma was standing outside waiting for us,that's when i realise i get into real big trouble, and cane is coming for me.

Ma told me many times never try to do that and you know kids we always playful. I get scold until the whole village could hear, despite her yelling but i kept thinking when should i go again tomorrow. hahaa. Yea because back then those days we don't even have phone all i remember was Ma had an Nokia. All our fun was jumping into waterfalls, climbing mango tree and steal free mangos, wearing barely nothing on our feet while walking all around the village. 'sigh' those day i would never forget, and those time build me stronger."

" So tell me , have you climbed a tree?"

Forgotten Histories: The Hakka and Cantonese Immigrants in Malaysia

 

Malaysia consists of many cultures, many ethnic, many regions with an extensive ethnic Chinese population. Between 1786 and 1824, the Taiping Rebellion, the Opium Wars, and repeated Western imperialist oppression shattered China. Singapore became the principal entry point for Chinese immigrants trying to escape hardships in their motherland and search for a better future overseas (Voon, 2024). The Cantonese were one of the earliest Chinese groups to migrate to Southeast Asia (Ccs.city, 2023). Waves of Chinese moved into the tin-mining areas that were being opened up in the Malay States of Perak and Selangor from the 1840s (Voon, 2024).Therefore, the majority of Malaysian Chinese are descended from Chinese immigrants who left China in the 1800s in quest of a better life. They took their identity with them when they arrived, which had an impact on their way of life to some degree. Among the sub-ethnic identities they carried with them was Hakka (Mun & Fah, 2022). The identification was crucial at first, serving as a symbol of identity that ultimately allowed the Hakka to function as a cohesive community. We will go over the story of Hakka and Cantonese immigrants, their significance, their contemporary legacy, and the importance of preserving this piece of forgotten history.

For Cantonese communities, the years between 1740–1784 were turbulent. Therefore, the Cantonese inhabitants fled to the peninsular ports scattered throughout the Gulf of Siam when the Burmese launched a ferocious attack on Ayutthaya in 1767 and took control of the city (Ccs.city, 2023). Some Cantonese, their homes in Songkla, Pattalung, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Surat Thani, and Hatien, while others settled in Thonburi, the newly created capital that was renamed Bangkok in 1782. After the Tay Son rebels overran Saigon in 1783 and slaughtered over 10,000 Chinese, the Cantonese-majority Chinese community was forced to flee Saigon to the nearby port-polises of Pattani, Terengganu, Kelantan, and Brunei (Ccs.city, 2023). Between the 18th and 19th century, better security and business opportunities were provided in Southeast Asia by the British entrepots of Penang and Singapore. The Cantonese, who were temporarily residing in the vicinity, grabbed benefit of the situation and relocated to the two islands. Cantonese immigrants from Penang and Singapore migrated to Perak, Selangor, and Negeri Sembilan after large tin resources were found there, where they began lucrative tin mining operations. Some prospered and rose to prominence as tin mining tycoons. The two most notable intellectuals of the era were Loke Yew and Eu Tong Sen (Ccs.city, 2023).

The Nanjing Treaty, which was signed in 1842, stated that China would no longer prohibit its citizens from leaving the country. Consequently, a large number of Chinese, including the Hakkas, began to migrate to South-east Asia (Mun & Fah, 2022). The Taiping Rebellion (1851-1864), the subsequent conflict, had put the Hakkas in a precarious situation as the leaders of the Hakkas made up the majority of the rebels. Many Hakkas suffered persecution after the Qing government put an end to the rebellion. Additionally, the Punti-Hakka Clan War (1855-1867) made their plight worse. The Hakkas lost because they were outnumbered, and they were oppressed once more. A large number of Hakkas eventually fled from China as a result of the persecutions, poverty, and hardships. The Hakkas became a strong, cohesive group as they settled in the Malay states (Mun & Fah, 2022). Within the Chinese population, Hakka was employed as a marker for recognition and was passed down through the generations. But just as time changes, so does how the Chinese perceive themselves. Numerous signs suggest that dialect-based identification is no longer relevant to the Hakkas' daily lives, but these days it plays a less role, and this leads to a reduction in Hakka consciousness among Chinese Malaysians (Mun & Fah, 2022).

The hidden history of Hakka and Cantonese immigrants is a rich narrative of migration and cultural history. The Hakka people are from the northern regions of China, while the Cantonese people are from the Guangdong state in southern China. These two Chinese ethnic groups often settled the significant contributions in societies under the challenging circumstances. The Hakka and Cantonese Chinese immigrants to Malaysia contributed significantly to the development of the country, especially in terms of industry and trade.

However, the contributions of these communities have often outshined by other more prominent narratives such as the Peranakan Chinese and the Overseas Chinese (Strait Chinese). Since migrating from China, the Hakka communities have started to develop all around the world, especially in the Southeast Asian region. This research will focus on the importance of hidden history of Hakka and Cantonese immigrants to Malaysia, and the impacts of immigration on Malaysia’s history and development.

First and foremost, the hidden history of Hakka and Cantonese immigrants to Malaysia is important for the economic and social contributions in system of immigration. Hakka and Cantonese people cannot develop well in China and may even have wars. So, they immigrate to Malaysia to find a good livelihood and earn money to support their families. Hakka people have a good entrepreneurial spirit and professional ethnics, so they can do these social contributions to increase their family income after immigrating. According to W. L. Blythe (1947), many Chinese labourers often enter Malaysia to work, so these foreign workers can provide sufficient labour for the mining and plantation industries. Every immigrant can find a suitable job in Malaysia. For example, Hakka and Cantonese people can add their languages to the movies. In this way, everyone will start to learn Hakka and Cantonese.

Furthermore, the other importance is to protect historical and cultural heritage of Hakka and Cantonese. Hakka and Cantonese immigrants brought with their rich traditions, languages, and religious practices to Malaysia’s cultural. All these factors can be a significant in the Malaysia Chinese community and make them become a historical and cultural heritage in Malaysia. Hakka and Cantonese can introduce the cuisines of hometown to influence Malaysian food. For instant, Hakka Yong Tau Foo and Hakka stewed pork with tofu (Lei Cha) from Hakka, while Dim Sum and roast duck from Cantonese. When Hakka and Cantonese’s signature foods are introduced to Malaysia, Malaysians will try them and learn how to make these dishes. So, the historical and cultural heritage of Hakka and Cantonese can be passed down to the next generation.

On the other hand, the impact of immigration on Malaysia’s history and development is the improvement usage of Hakka dialect. According to Douglas Philip Labadin (2021), Hakka dialect has gradually disappeared in Malaysia due to various reasons, while Mandarin has become the common language in every Chinese people of different dialect groups. After Hakka immigrants in Malaysia, all the elderly and children began to learn Hakka dialect. Although the Hakka dialect in Malaysia has been widely recognized, there are still got some young people who believe that Hakka dialect is not important and may not necessarily be their first-choice dialect. They can also communicate in their own group language such as Mandarin. Nevertheless, learning Hakka dialect is equivalent to learning an additional language for communication. For instant, people can use Mandarin as the official language to communicate such as in school, in office or in government apparatus, and they can use Hakka dialect to chat with friends. So, people who can speak Hakka dialect will have more topics to discuss.

Last but not least, the impact on Malaysia’s history and development is the introduction of the rituals and ceremonies. Every country has their own rituals, celebrations or ceremonies. According to Douglas Philip Labadin (2021), one ritual and ceremonies that Hakka people must observe is grave sweeping, also known as Qingming Festival and Ghost Festival. This festival is specifically dedicated to worshiping the deceased and their ancestors. This ritual and ceremony are also a way to show respect and nostalgia from people, friend and family to the deceased. Since Hakka people immigrated to Malaysia, this cultural custom has been brought into Malaysia. For example, people will clean the graves before Qingming Festival. They will prepare a lot of foods and drinks to worship their ancestors. People also burn some hell money so that their ancestors can spend money in heaven. After the ritual, they will bring the food away and return to home. During the Qingming Festival, ghosts will be released from the gates of the hell for an entire month, so people will try to return home before dark because they are afraid of encountering bad things. So, Hakka people had introduced this ritual and allowed Malaysians to worship their ancestors together.

Cantonese pop attached with younger generations through modern education techniques in Malaysia influences Hakka pop songs, thereby making it more accessible to a more general audience and improving local musical variety (He,2024). They played crucial role in and cultural and social life. Both Hakka Folk Songs and Cantonese music have demonstrated the significance culture of Hakka spirit. These songs act as a link between modern society and traditional cultures which adapted to local influences while preserving their cultural core (He, 2024). 

In Malaysia, Hakka and Cantonese languages both are very important. Hakka serve as common language among Chinese communities in Sabah, while Cantonese is widely known and spoken throughout Peninsular Malaysia, especially in Kuala Lumpur and the Klang Valley (Wen & Wong, 2019). These communities foster social solidarity and fortify through planning cultural events and taking part in regional festivals, which helps to strengthen sense of identity within their communities (Vollmann & Soon, 2021). Nowadays, Chinese Malaysians still interact with one another in both Hakka and Cantonese languages. However, Mandarin is becoming more common among younger generations because of the language ability to adapt (Liao, 2018).

Additionally, Hakka associations in Malaysia organize some activities such as cultural events, seminars, and performances that enhance community cohesiveness as part of their efforts to promote Hakka culture (Chin & Chang, 2022). Supported by Hakka associations and cultural, these events have become part of Malaysian music culture and contributed to shape Malaysian music education by including numerous cultural inspirations (He, 2024).

Despites its importance, Hakka language struggles to preserve its own character because of cultural absorption and predominance of other languages such as Mandarin (Ong, 2020). As a result, many traditional practices being simplified and replaced by more generic Chinese Malaysian customs especially among young generation. This has contributed to the decline of Hakka identity due to socio-political influences and education policies (Liao, 2018).

Cultural events and education playing crucial roles to preserve both Hakka and Cantonese languages. According to Ong (2020), Hakka cultural events and festivals keep promoting cultural heritage and community togetherness. TV series and music are examples of Cantonese media that help to promote Cantonese language and culture of Malaysia (Vollmann & Soon, 2021). They promote Chinese cultural values and reinforcing social networks within the Chinese community as they celebrated through various festivals and events that help to maintain cultural ties and promote unity.

Cultural of Hakka and Cantonese also played an important role in political landscape. Leaders from these communities may influence political agendas which related to cultural preservation and community development. The cultural practices and associations of the Hakka community contribute to social cohesiveness, which indirectly turn helps to maintain political stability by strengthening the sense of unity between Malaysia’s various ethnic groups (Chin & Chang, 2022).  For instance, Yap Ah Loy, a Kapitan Cina of the settlement that founded Kuala Lumpur have played significant roles in Malaysian history from 1868 to 1885 (Wen & Wong, 2019). The economic and political landscape of Malaysia has been influenced by this leadership.

Cantonese is widely used among Chinese Malaysians in business that reflecting its importance in economic activities (Vollmann & Soon, 2021). Hakka family businesses also contribute significantly to Malaysia’s economy through their historical involvement in industries like mining (Liao, 2018). Both communities’ economic influence is a result of their historical involvement in commerce and their ability to adapt to Malaysia’s economic policies.

Unwrapping hidden history is significant in shaping national identity because by recognizing all contributions in various fields, our national identity can be strengthened efficiently. In traditional Malaysian history, the contributions of Malays, Indians, and Chinese are often highlighted, but particular groups like the Hakka and Cantonese are marginalized (Yen, 2000). By acknowledging the cultural, economic, and political contributions of these groups, an inclusive Malaysian identity will be created, as all ethnic groups feel recognized. For example, Hakka immigrants played a crucial role in Malaysia’s tin mining industry; however, their stories are often overlooked in mainstream history (Purcell, 1948).

Additionally, uncovering hidden histories helps correct historical bias and provides a more complete narrative of Malaysia’s past. Many historical records focus on elite figures while ignoring the ordinary laborers and merchants who built the economy (Comber, 1959). The Hakka and Cantonese were among the first immigrants to arrive in Malaysia but are often overshadowed by Peranakan and Straits Chinese narratives. For instance, the contributions of Hakka miners in Perak in the 19th century are infrequently included in school history textbooks (Andaya & Andaya, 2001).

At the same time, remembering hidden histories contributes to unity in Malaysia’s multiracial society. These histories help promote social cohesion and multicultural appreciation. Learning about the shared struggles of different ethnic groups fosters mutual respect among Malaysians (Wang, 1992). A good example is how Hakka and Cantonese immigrants worked alongside Malays and Indians in tin mines and plantations, together creating a shared economic history. Furthermore, understanding past racial conflicts and power struggles is essential to preventing historical injustices from repeating. A notable example is the Larut Wars (1861-1874) between Hakka-dominated Ghee Hin and Cantonese-dominated Hai San, which ultimately led to British intervention in Malaya (Andaya & Andaya, 2001). Learning about these conflicts encourages peaceful resolutions to modern ethnic tensions.

Furthermore, there are several ways to raise awareness about hidden histories among the Malaysian community. Firstly, authorities should incorporate hidden histories into education. The school curriculum should include the contributions of Hakka and Cantonese immigrants rather than just mentioning general Chinese immigration (Tan, 1993). Case studies of Hakka tin miners, Cantonese traders, and their role in Malaysia’s urbanization could be included in history textbooks. Next, authorities should also promote documentaries, museums, and cultural exhibitions. Public museums and documentaries can highlight Hakka and Cantonese histories, ensuring their stories are well-preserved for future generations (Yeoh, 2003). For example, the Han Chin Pet Soo Museum in Ipoh educates visitors about Hakka miners and the secret societies that shaped Malaysia’s tin industry.

The Hakka and Cantonese immigrants in Malaysia are often underappreciated or overlooked in mainstream narratives. The contributions of Hakka and Cantonese immigrants have significantly shaped Malaysia’s identity. These communities have left an undeniable mark on the country’s progress in the tin-mining industry, the most significant in economic growth, to their enduring impact on language, traditions, and social cohesion in the Malaysian community today.

Other than their contributions, mainstream historical narratives often leave the Hakka and Cantonese legacies underrepresented but highlighting other Chinese subgroups instead. Therefore, we should recognize the struggles and achievements of the Hakka and Cantonese immigrants to foster a more inclusive national identity and ensuring that all communities feel valued in Malaysia’s history.

Preserving and promoting these forgotten histories is important in shaping the future. By including their stories into education and cultural initiatives, we can ensure that future generations appreciate the rich heritage that built Malaysia. Historical preservation is more than just remembering, as it is about recognizing the past that unite us and strengthening our collective identity as a multicultural nation.

References

Andaya, B., & Andaya, L. (2001). A History of Malaysia. London: Palgrave Macmillan.

Blythe, W. L. (1947). Historical Sketch of Chinese Labour in Malaya. Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society, 20(1), 68-69.

Ccs.city. (2023). Migration of the Cantonese. Retrieved from https://ccs.city/en/anthology-of-chinese-diasporas/migration-of-the-cantonese

Chin, Y. M., & Chang, Y. F. (2022). Hakka consciousness in Malaysia: The perpetuance and the decline. Proceedings Science, Ethics & Civilization, 1, 90–95. Majmuah Enterprise.

He, Y. (2024). Localization Process and Cultural Inheritance of Hakka Folk Songs in Malaysia. Art and Performance Letters, 5(3). Clausius Scientific Press.

Labadin, D. P. (2021). The cultural assimilation of the Hakka Communities in Southeast Asia: the case of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Bangkok, Thailand. Chulalongkorn University, 32-36.

Liao, C. I. (2018). Language use by Hakka in Sabah [Doctoral dissertation, Monash University].

Ong, T. W. S. (2020). Contemporary Hakka language maintenance in multilingual Penang, Malaysia. Revista Linguagem & Ensino, 23(4), 1349–1369​.

Phin-Keong Voon (2024). The Hakkas of Malaysia to 1970: Population, Live lihood, and Culture. Malaysian Journal of Chinese Studies 13(1): 37–59. http://doi.org/10.6993/ MJCS.202406_13(1).0003

Purcell, V. (1948). The Chinese in Malaya. London: Oxford University Press.

Tan, C. B. (1993). Chinese Minority in a Malay State: The Case of Terengganu in Malaysia. Singapore: Oxford University Press.

Vollmann, R., & Soon, T. W. (2021). Multilingualism and the role of standardised languages: Malaysian Hakka Chinese. In F. Fusco, C. Marcato, & R. Oniga (Eds.), Studi sul Plurilinguismo: Tematiche, problemi, prospettive (pp. 197–218). Forum​.

Wang, G. (1992). Community and Nation: China, Southeast Asia and Australia. Sydney: Allen & Unwin.

Wen, W., & Wong, D. T. K. (2019). From dialect to ethnic identity: The Chinese community in the Klang Valley as a case study. Sejarah: Journal of History Department, University of Malaya, 28(2), 21–42​.

Yen, C. H. (2000). Studies on Chinese Overseas: Selected Scholarly Papers. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing.

Yeoh, B. S. (2003). Contesting Space: Power Relations and the Urban Built Environment in Colonial Singapore. Singapore: NUS Press.

WEEKLY CONTRIBUTION 4 - BY LIM JIE ROU

 

This week, I made a conscious effort to strengthen my relationships and improve my social skills. I reached out to an old friend to reconnect, which lead to a meaningful conversation and a plan to meet soon. I also took the time to express appreciation to my family and colleagues, appreciate their support and kindness. These intentional actions helped me to build stronger connections and foster more positive social environment.

WEEKLY CONTRIBUTION 3 - BY LIM JIE ROU

This week, I focused on improving my productivity and time management by setting clear goals and prioritizing tasks effectively. I created a to-do list, which helped me stay organized and complete my task efficiently. Besides, I limited my social media usage to stay focused during tasks. These small changes allowed me to manage my time better, reduce procrastination, and done more task throughout the week.

WEEKLY CONTRIBUTION 2 - BY LIM JIE ROU

I focused on improving my skills and expanding my knowledge through continuous learning this week. Additionally, I dedicated time to reading a personal development book which helped me gain new insights and practical knowledge, taking notes on key concepts to apply in my daily life. I practiced a new language for 30 minutes each day to enhance my communication skills, gradually improving my fluency and confidence. These small but consistent efforts have contributed to my growth, and I am excited to continue learning in the weeks ahead.

WEEKLY CONTRIBUTION 1 - LIM JIE ROU

This week, I made several meaningful efforts to improve my well-being. One of my main goals was to maintain a consistent exercise routine. I committed to working out for at least 30 minutes three times this week, and also strength training. This helped me feel more energetic and motivated throughout the day. Besides, I make healthier food choices that focused on my nutrition. I avoided processed foods and sugary drinks, instead of balanced meals with plenty of fruits, vegetables and proteins. I listened to some music each morning that helped me stay calm and focused, allowed me to reduce stress. These habits have lead me to a healthier lifestyle by improving my physical health, making me feel more balanced and productive. I plan to continue these efforts in the coming weeks to fulfill wellness routine.

LECTURE 4 - PRACTISE ASSONANCE, PRACTICE ALLITERATION BY LIM JIE ROU

The breeze sweeps the green field with ease,

as tea and treats bring ease.

Beneath the trees,

a breeze frees the weary with peace.

The small, smiling child slurps a soft, 

sweet scoop as sticky streams slide down their fingers.

The bold bull rider grips the braided rope, 

bracing for the beast's bucking burst.

LECTURE 3 EXERCISE BY LIM JIE ROU

1. Blue paint spilled on the road like tears streaming down a forgotten canvas.

2. Canceled checks in the abandoned subway car seemed like whispers of forgotten promises.

3. A spider under the rug is a secret waiting to be discovered.

4. Graffiti on the abandoned building like echoes of a city’s lost dreams.

5. Nothing was the same, now that it was shattered like a mirror dropped from the sky.

6. The dice rolled out of the cup toward Veronica like a fate set loose on the table of destiny.

7. A child in a thunderstorm is like a leaf caught in the wind.

8. In her mother’s arms is like muscles stretched taut over bone, fragile but unbreakable.

9. The fog plumed through gunshot holes in the car windows like ghostly breath escaping from old wounds.

10. She held her life in her own hands as if it were a bird too delicate to fly, yet too precious to let go.

11. Lacey poured coffee down her throat as if she were fueling a dying engine.

12. If I should wake before I die, let the world feel new again.

13. The security guard walks the lobby as if he were a lone wolf patrolling his territory.

14. The library books left in the rain like forgotten stories weeping ink.

15. Music in the hallway like a whisper of memories carried on the wind.

Weekly Contribution 3 -Response to an Unforgettable Movie by Lam Xiao Ci

 

I really enjoyed Triumph in the Skies 2, especially the way it portrayed love in different forms. The romantic storylines were emotional and engaging, but what made the drama even more special was its focus on family and friendship.

One of my favorite couples was Sam and Holiday. Their love story was complicated yet heartfelt, and I loved how they supported each other through difficult times. Holiday’s cheerful personality balanced Sam’s calm and serious nature, making their relationship even more meaningful. I also really liked Roy and Heather’s relationship. It was mature yet bittersweet, showing that love isn’t always perfect but still worth fighting for. Their story had a mix of happiness and sadness, which made it even more memorable.

Beyond romance, the drama also highlighted the love between family members and the strong support between friends. Whether it was the way pilots and flight attendants looked out for each other, or how family members encouraged one another, these moments made the story more heartfelt and realistic.

All in all, Triumph in the Skies 2 beautifully portrayed love in different forms—romantic love, family bonds, and true friendship. These emotional connections made the drama unforgettable for me, and I truly enjoyed watching how each relationship unfolded.

Weekly Contribution 2 -Quote Reflection by Lam Xiao Ci

 This quote inspires me to work hard so that I can achieve the future I desire. From my own experience, I have learned that effort truly pays off. Back in secondary school, I was quite relaxed about my studies, and as a result, my SPM results were only average.

After SPM, I entered UTAR with some regrets, but those regrets became my motivation to work harder. My goal during my foundation year was to achieve excellent results and secure a scholarship. To accomplish this, I made it a habit to complete tutorial exercises before class and stay attentive during lessons. Additionally, I pushed myself to memorize subject content thoroughly, as many exam questions were theory-based.

Now, I have successfully completed my foundation year with flying colors and earned the scholarship I had wished for. This experience has shown me that effort and preparation play a crucial role in achieving one’s goals. Moving forward, I will continue to work hard and strive for even greater achievements in the future.

 

Week 4-Lecture Exercise by Lam Xiao Ci

 A happy little kid licks a melting mound, sticky swirls slipping down small fingers.

Week 1 - weekly contribution - By saranya

 

               

      Stepping into the first week of Uni knowing that degree life is not going to be as easy as foundation anymore. Mind full of thoughts- ' Will i manage to make friends '? ' Does everyone have their own group'? 'Will the lecturers going to treat us bad'? 'Will the assignments be breathtaking'? 

     Never did i know i actually made few new friends and some of my foundation friends are doing the same degree program as me. Few days passed by until one day i entered the lecture hall of a course called E-method in literary production. Surprisingly, our lecture miss Gheeta is very sweet, the way she explained and conducted the class was very smooth. On that day, e-method had become one of my most favorite subject that i will add on my queue, despite I'm not a big fan of poems and poetry but E-method subject and miss Gheeta had changed my point of view of writing poems. 

      This week is great, and all the lecturers were so kind and they even make some jokes in the class. 

Since its the first week, everyone is less busy and i went to play badminton nearly everyday knowing that only the first week is going to be the chill week in UTAR.

Tutorial 4 - By Saranya

  ñ write a poem exploring your relationship with an animal or a machine. Describe the animal or machine using at least three of the senses.

A smart phone

You wake me up,

with your sweet alarm noise,

My heart pump fast,

when every time you give notifications,

Every minute i scroll,

you make it beneficial,

Each time i see you,

my hand will be wanting to reach you,

without you 

I will be so lost,

You are my virtual assistant,

whom i could talk to,

my little box,

whenever you're in my hand

you make me feel brave.

my cute little box,

You are my everything,

Lecture week 4 - Practice assonance, alliteration & imagery by Saranya

 Examine the picture on the right. Write a few lines describing what you see, using assonance

Resting on bench,

a cup of tea for quench,

enjoying with friends,

easy way to empty the brain.

Write a short description of a bull rider getting ready to come out of the chute, using alliteration.

I see flame in his face,

I see fame around him,

I see no fear in him,

I see victory towards him.

Practice imagery

                         All alone,                         

in a concrete forest,

trying to run,

despite no chance.

 Bloomed well,

  but still misplaced,

A sorrow,

that can't defeat.

Insane view,

brought by the sun,

while I'm here,

hiding in the dark.

A hesitation,

that keeps me apart,

blocking me,

 to enjoy from the heart.

My inner child trembling,

wanting to get out.

                                               

 Time pass by

in a blink of eye,

The path 

that you guide me is still right by.

Every step

reminds me of you,

I quickly ran home

to see you.

Empty hall, empty room,

only your picture

hanging on the wall,

mourning in sorrow,

Dada, I miss you.

Lecture Week 4: Elements of Free Verse in Poetry by Chan Hui Lim

1. Practice assonance：

Those are four old people sitting on the chair. The two women in the middle are drinking the hot tea. The old man on the right is eating some snacks. 

2. Practice alliteration：Names starting in A-M

It is too hot for today’s weather. It is too fast that the ice cream melting. It is too sad because the small child cannot enjoy the ice cream well.

3. Practice parallel structure：

I am here for you if you are alone. You will feel happy if I am here for you. You will not feel sad if I am here for you to listen to your thoughts.

4. Practice onomatopoeia：

The bees buzzed in a garden. That little kitten is meowing. The child cried loudly after hearing it, their wails echoing through the room, each sob sharp and piercing. The mother comforted her child softly and took her child to buy ice cream to eat.

5. Practice imagery:

-This is a flower that lives in the city. It is very small, so people may look down at the flower. The flower grew in the cracks of the road through its own strong efforts. It is grown up with its own opportunity. The flower looks very beautiful and unique. However, the flower grown at a wrong place. This is because flowers belong to the world of nature, such as forests, not in the cracks of the road. It is too dangerous for the flower to live due to there are too many cars pass by every day. 

-This is a beautiful sunset that I never seen before. There is a hint of purple in the sky. When I saw this sunset, it means that is an ending for a day. On this bridge, there is no one, only a sky like the colour of salted eggs and a blue sea. The surroundings are so quiet. This makes me feel comfortable in my hearts. In this peaceful environment, I feel freedom. No works, no worries, no arguments, only the sea and sunset. I really enjoy this remarkable moment.

-Seeing this photo reminds me of my childhood memory. This is my grandfather's love for me. When he held my hand, I felt a sense of love and safe. He would hold my hand to go for a morning walk, to go to shopping centre, and go to the school. My grandfather would hold my hand tightly, because he scared that I might get lost or accidentally fall. Now that I have grown up, I am no longer protected by my grandfather. I will protect myself and live alone. I will gradually learn to become a responsible person. This is because everything that I do when I grow up is done by myself, and there is no one will help me.